The first time I have ever seen hawks in Wisconsin. It was flying high over a peaceful field. Then, it dived down and seized its prey with unbelievable speed. Seeing these wonderful birds in action is an experience that will never be forgotten!
Wisconsin is blessed with 10 species of hawks with different appearances and hunting abilities. Stay tuned! We’re soon going to take you through the hawks of Wisconsin, their habits and locations to spot them. Whether a bird enthusiast or someone who’d simply like to know more so you don’t miss out on it, we’ve got this!
Key Takeaways:
- Diversity: Wisconsin hosts 10 hawk species, each with unique traits.
- Most Common: Red-Tailed Hawk – Easily spotted with a rust-colored tail.
- Agile Hunters: Cooper’s Hawk – Swift predator in wooded areas. And Sharp-Shinned Hawk – Small, stealthy songbird hunter.
- Seasonal Visitors: Rough-Legged Hawk – Arctic visitor in winter and Broad-Winged Hawk – Migrates in large flocks (kettles).
- Hawks vs. Falcons: Hawks have broad wings & strong talons, while falcons are faster with sharp beaks.
- Ecological Role: Help control rodent and bird populations.
- Photography Tip: Use a zoom lens and be patient.
- Hawks in Your Yard: Sign of a healthy ecosystem but may target small pets.
- Juveniles: Young Cooper’s Hawks have streaked chests & yellow eyes.
- Birdwatching: A rewarding experience revealing hawks’ behavior and importance.
The Beauty of Hawks – Exploring Wisconsin’s Paradise!
Hawks are a key component of Wisconsin’s ecosystem as effective predators that keep the population of small mammals and birds in check. With their stunning vision, acute talons, and strong flight, these birds are both interesting to watch.
Several species of hawks call Wisconsin home, each occupying different habitats, from dense forests to open fields. Some species reside in the state year-round, while others migrate seasonally.
Wisconsin is home to ten distinct hawk species, each with unique characteristics. Below is a comprehensive table summarizing their key features.
Comprehensive Table of Hawks in Wisconsin:
| Hawk Species | Size (inches) | Wingspan (inches) | Habitat | Diet |
| Red-Tailed Hawk | 18-26 | 43-56 | Open fields | Rodents, birds |
| Cooper’s Hawk | 14-20 | 24-39 | Woodlands | Small birds |
| Sharp-Shinned Hawk | 9-13 | 16-22 | Dense forests | Songbirds |
| Northern Goshawk | 20-26 | 40-46 | Northern forests | Squirrels, rabbits |
| Rough-Legged Hawk | 18-24 | 52-54 | Open fields | Rodents, rabbits |
| Broad-Winged Hawk | 13-17 | 32-39 | Deciduous forests | Insects, small mammals |
| Swainson’s Hawk | 18-22 | 46-54 | Grasslands | Rodents, insects |
| Ferruginous Hawk | 22-27 | 53-60 | Open prairies | Small mammals |
| Northern Harrier | 18-20 | 40-48 | Marshlands | Small mammals, birds |
| Short-Tailed Hawk | 15-17 | 32-40 | Forest edges | Small birds, insects |
1. Red-tailed Hawk – The Most Common Hawk:
- Scientific Name: Buteo jamaicensis
- Life Span: 10-15 years
- Size: 18-26 inches
- Weight: 1.5-3.5 lbs
- Wingspan: 38-56 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Small mammals, birds, reptiles
- Behavior: Soaring and perching, territorial
- Habitat: Open fields, forests, highways
The Red-tailed Hawk, the most widespread hawk in Wisconsin, is identified by its beautiful rust-colored tail and wide wings. Often seen sitting on trees or poles over highways, it surveys open fields. Its method of attack is incredibly adaptable; it, for example, glides to high altitudes before performing a rapid, sharp dive to catch small mammals or birds. Additionally, its sharp eyesight enables it to see prey more than 100 feet away, thus an effective predator in the wild.
2. Cooper’s Hawk – The Agile Predator:
- Scientific Name: Accipiter cooperii
- Life Span: 8-12 years
- Size: 14-20 inches
- Weight: 0.5-1.5 lbs
- Wingspan: 24-35 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Small birds, occasionally mammals
- Behavior: Agile, stealthy, territorial
- Habitat: Forests, suburban areas
The Cooper’s Hawk is a fast and nimble hunter that can quickly move through dense forests. In contrast to the soaring Red-tailed Hawk, it uses speed and agility, darting between trees to surprise smaller birds, frequently close to backyard bird feeders. Moreover, its sharp claws provide accurate captures, making it a dreaded predator among songbirds. As a result, its use of suburban neighborhoods and forests enables it to flourish where prey is plentiful.
3. Sharp-shinned Hawk – The Stealthy Hunter:
- Scientific Name: Accipiter striatus
- Life Span: 5-10 years
- Size: 9-13 inches
- Weight: 0.2-0.4 lbs
- Wingspan: 16-22 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Small birds, insects
- Behavior: Stealthy, fast, secretive
- Habitat: Dense forests, woodlands
The Sharp-shinned Hawk, Wisconsin’s most diminutive hawk, is an expert at sneaking up on its prey. Frequently confused with the Cooper’s Hawk because they look so alike, it possesses a shorter wingspan and body. In addition, it is a surprise attacker, employing heavy cover to sneak up on unsuspecting songbirds before quickly striking. Consequently, its long legs and sharp claws enable it to catch struggling prey, making it a successful, fierce forest hunter.
4. Northern Goshawk – The Fearless Forest Predator:
- Scientific Name: Accipiter gentilis
- Life Span: 6-11 years
- Size: 20-26 inches
- Weight: 1.5-3 lbs
- Wingspan: 35-50 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Birds, squirrels, rabbits
- Behavior: Aggressive, territorial
- Habitat: Northern forests
Wisconsin’s smallest hawk, the Sharp-shinned Hawk is a master of stealthily approaching its victims. Often mistaken for the Cooper’s Hawk since it appears to be so similar, it has a shorter body and wingspan. Furthermore, it is also an ambush attacker that uses dense cover to sneak up on unsuspecting songbirds and then attacks with lightning speed. As a result, its long legs and razor-sharp claws allow it to grab fighting prey, hence a successful deadly forest hunter.
5. Rough-legged Hawk – Wisconsin’s Winter Visitor:
- Scientific Name: Buteo lagopus
- Life Span: 10-15 years
- Size: 18-24 inches
- Weight: 1.5-3 lbs
- Wingspan: 47-54 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Small mammals, birds
- Behavior: Hovering, migratory
- Habitat: Fields, marshes
The Rough-legged Hawk, a winter visitor from the Arctic, is distinguished by its feathered legs, which provide warmth in cold climates. Often seen hovering over fields and marshes, it scans for small mammals before making a rapid dive. Moreover, its impressive wingspan of up to 54 inches enhances its majestic presence in Wisconsin’s winter skies. As a result, its unique hunting style and seasonal presence make it a notable species.
6. Broad-winged Hawk – The Master Migrator:
- Scientific Name: Buteo platypterus
- Life Span: 10-12 years
- Size: 13-17 inches
- Weight: 0.5-1.2 lbs
- Wingspan: 31-39 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Small mammals, insects, amphibians
- Behavior: Migratory, social during migration
- Habitat: Deciduous forests
The Broad-winged Hawk is famous for its dramatic fall migrations, traveling in large kettles that spiral south. In contrast to open-field hawks, it prefers deciduous forests, preying on small mammals, insects, and amphibians. Additionally, its high-pitched whistle call is an important identifier for birders. As a result, its migratory habits and forest habitat make it a distinctive species in Wisconsin.
7. Swainson’s Hawk – The Long-Distance Traveler:
- Scientific Name: Buteo swainsoni
- Life Span: 10-15 years
- Size: 18-22 inches
- Weight: 1-2.5 lbs
- Wingspan: 46-54 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Insects, small mammals
- Behavior: Migratory, perching
- Habitat: Grasslands, prairies
The Swainson’s Hawk, a rare Wisconsin visitor, undertakes an extraordinary migration from North America to South America. In contrast to other hawks, it heavily consumes insects like grasshoppers, often perching on fence posts to spot prey. Additionally, its preference for open prairies sets it apart from forest-dwelling hawks. Thus, its long-distance travel and unique diet highlight its distinct role in Wisconsin’s ecosystem.
8. Ferruginous Hawk – Wisconsin’s Largest Hawk:
- Scientific Name: Buteo regalis
- Life Span: 12-20 years
- Size: 20-27 inches
- Weight: 2-4.5 lbs
- Wingspan: 48-60 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Small mammals, birds
- Behavior: Ground hunting, soaring
- Habitat: Prairies, open fields
The Ferruginous Hawk, Wisconsin’s largest hawk, has a wingspan of up to 60 inches and rust-colored wings and pale body feathers. In contrast to other hawks that swoop down from the sky for prey, it also hunts on the ground and catches rabbits and prairie dogs with its powerful talons. Additionally, its tendency to favor open areas such as prairies facilitates its prey spotting. Therefore, its size and versatility in hunting make it a remarkable species.
9. Northern Harrier – The Low-Flying Hunter:
- Scientific Name: Circus hudsonius
- Life Span: 7-12 years
- Size: 16-20 inches
- Weight: 0.5-1.5 lbs
- Wingspan: 38-48 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Small mammals, birds
- Behavior: Low-flying, gliding
- Habitat: Wetlands, marshes
The Northern Harrier is unique for its low-flying hunting style, gliding just above the ground in wetlands and marshes. Its owl-like facial disk enhances its hearing, complementing its sharp vision. In contrast to high-soaring hawks, it relies on both senses to locate prey. Consequently, its distinctive appearance and hunting strategy make it a remarkable presence in Wisconsin’s marshes.
10. Short-tailed Hawk – The Falcon-Like Raptor:
- Scientific Name: Buteo brachyurus
- Life Span: 10-15 years
- Size: 15-17 inches
- Weight: 0.8-1.2 lbs
- Wingspan: 32-39 inches
- Status: Least Concern
- Diet: Small birds, insects
- Behavior: Mid-air hunting, agile
- Habitat: Forest edges
The Short-tailed Hawk, a rare Wisconsin species, is frequently confused with a falcon because it is small and flies quickly. Mid-air hunting is its specialty, and it hunts small birds and insects at the edges of forests. Additionally, its dark wings and short tail make it different from other hawks. Therefore, its falcon-like flight and rarity make it an interesting addition to Wisconsin’s hawk population.
Must Read: 9 Types of Falcons in Michigan (With Photos and IDs)!
Where To Spot Hawks in Wisconsin?
Wisconsin’s varied landscapes, ranging from large wetlands to dense forests and fields spread far and wide, provide an ideal habitat for viewing hawks. For example, nature enthusiasts, birders, and photographers can visit different places to catch a glimpse of hawks such as the Red-tailed Hawk, Northern Goshawk, or the Short-tailed Hawk flying or hunting. The state, therefore, has something for all those keen on spotting these amazing birds.
Horicon Marsh (Dodge County):
First off, Horicon Marsh, the largest freshwater wetland in the nation, covers 33,000 acres and is a prime location for hawks. Its combination of marshes, grasslands, and fields is visited by birds such as the Red-tailed Hawk, Rough-legged Hawk, and Northern Harrier. For instance, Red-tailed Hawks perch on fence posts throughout the year, while Rough-legged Hawks fly over the marsh during winter, particularly between December and February.
Similarly, Northern Harriers fly low over the water, especially during early spring. Consequently, winter is best for seeing Rough-legged Hawks, and spring or fall is best for migrating hawks. To get the most out of your visit, drive the Horicon Marsh Auto Tour Route to access excellent viewing spots, and pack binoculars to see distant hawks.
Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest (Northern Wisconsin):
Next, the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, spanning 1.5 million acres in northern Wisconsin, is a great spot for hawks that live in the woods, such as the Northern Goshawk and Sharp-shinned Hawk. The forest is ideal for nesting and hunting.
Northern Goshawks are present year-round and are easier to spot during winter near Sheltered Valley, while Sharp-shinned Hawks arrive during summer to nest and during autumn, in September or October, for migration. Thus, winter is wonderful for goshawk sightings with snow as the backdrop, and summer is optimal for Sharp-shinned Hawks. Also, a powerful camera lens (400mm or more) assists in capturing the white eyebrow stripe of the goshawk.
Cedar Grove Ornithological Station (Sheboygan County):
Finally, situated on Lake Michigan, the Cedar Grove Ornithological Station is renowned for hawk spotting during spring and fall migrations. Its combination of forests and open space attracts hawks such as the Broad-winged Hawk and Sharp-shinned Hawk. In particular, Broad-winged Hawks migrate in large numbers in mid-September, creating spectacular patterns across the sky.
Therefore, mid-September is the most favorable time for Broad-winged Hawk migrations, with April and May being perfect for spring hawks. For the best hawks, go on sunny days with northwest wind at 15-20 mph. Although there isn’t much parking space, the station itself is free, so it’s a good idea to check for open days first.
Schlitz Audubon Nature Center (Milwaukee):
Looking for a city alternative, the Schlitz Audubon Nature Center, 185 acres along Lake Michigan, features fields, forests, and areas close to housing, and so it is a simple urban site to observe hawks such as the Cooper’s Hawk and Red-tailed Hawk. Proximate to Milwaukee, it welcomes those resident hawks as well as hawks migrating through.
Cooper’s Hawks hunt around bird feeders year-round, particularly in spring when they breed, whereas Red-tailed Hawks perch on poles in open country, conspicuous in winter and summer. Additionally, a 300mm camera lens is good for close-up shots, and arriving early prevents crowds. While it’s $6 to enter for non-members, there is ample parking and trails, and looking for guided bird walks can enhance the experience.
Wyalusing State Park (Grant County):
Going on, Wyalusing State Park, which the Mississippi and Wisconsin Rivers form a confluence, encompasses 2,700 acres of forest, bluffs, and meadows that are perfect for seeing rare Short-tailed Hawks and widespread Red-tailed Hawks. Particularly, Short-tailed Hawks can occur in spring (April or May) or fall (September) while migrating, and Red-tailed Hawks traverse cliffs year-round.
Spring and autumn are best for migrating hawks, while summer is ideal for resident hawks. For more views, hike to the Point Lookout trail for open views of hawks in flight, and look through wooded edges with binoculars for Short-tailed Hawks’ dark wings. Because these hawks are uncommon, be patient. Though the park costs $8 a day for Wisconsin vehicles or $11 for others, trails and camping make it well worth a more extended stay.
Mississippi River Bluffs (Vernon and La Crosse Counties):
Lastly, the Mississippi River Bluffs in Vernon and La Crosse Counties feature marsh, cliff, and field combinations, providing a unique habitat for hawks such as the Northern Harrier and Red-tailed Hawk. Northern Harriers skim low over marshes, revealing their owl-like faces, particularly in winter and early spring, whereas Red-tailed Hawks ride over cliffs year-round, more so in fall.
Winter is excellent for Northern Harriers, and fall is perfect for migrating hawks. To discover, try the Great River State Trail to access marshy shores, and pack a spotting scope to spot distant hawks. Strong boots that are worn enable hiking on cliff tops.
Must Read: Wood Pigeons Lifespan – How Long Do These Birds Live?
Difference Between Hawks and Falcons in Wisconsin!
Many people confuse hawks and falcons, but they have distinct characteristics. While both are birds of prey, their wings, hunting techniques, and flight speeds set them apart.
| Feature | Hawks | Falcons |
| Wings | Broad, rounded | Long, pointed |
| Flight Speed | Moderate, gliding | Extremely fast, diving |
| Prey Capture | Uses talons to grab and kill prey | Uses beak to break prey’s neck |
| Hunting Style | Soars and circles before striking | Rapid chases and high-speed dives |
| Common Species | Red-Tailed Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk | Peregrine Falcon, American Kestrel |
FAQs:
What is the most common hawk in Wisconsin?
The Red-Tailed Hawk is the most common hawk in Wisconsin. It is often seen soaring over fields or perched on roadside trees. This hawk has a rust-colored tail and a loud, piercing call.
Is it good to have a hawk in your yard?
Yes, hawks help control rodent and pest populations. They keep the ecosystem balanced. If you have small pets or backyard birds, keep an eye on them to stay safe.
What does it mean when a hawk hangs around your yard?
A hawk in your yard means there is plenty of food nearby. It may be hunting small birds, rodents, or insects. Sometimes, hawks also use yards as resting spots.
What does a juvenile Cooper’s Hawk look like?
Young Cooper’s Hawks have brown streaked chests and yellow eyes. Their tails are long with dark bands. As they grow, their chest turns reddish and their eyes darken to red.
Conclusion:
Hawks in Wisconsin are important for keeping nature balanced. They help control small animal populations. Each species has unique traits that make them fascinating to watch. The Red-Tailed Hawk is the most common. Others, like the Northern Harrier and Cooper’s Hawk, are also found in different habitats. Learning about their flight, hunting style, and calls makes spotting them easier.
If you see a hawk in your yard, it means food is available. They are great for pest control. Watching them in the wild is an amazing experience.
Next time you see one soaring, take a moment to admire it. These birds are powerful and play a key role in nature. Keep exploring and enjoy watching Wisconsin’s hawks!